胆碱能抗炎通路的研究进展

感染、创伤等外界刺激会引起机体免疫细胞释放炎症因子并导致炎症反应。适度的炎症反应有利于抵抗病原体的侵袭、清除坏死组织、修复损伤和促进康复,是宿主防御机制的重要组成部分。但当机体自身调节功能失衡,炎症反应失控,则自身破坏远比致病因子直接刺激产生的损伤更加严重。     

抗结核固定剂量复合制剂的抗结核活性研究

目的对不同配方的抗结核固定剂量复合制剂的体内外抗结核活性进行研究并对其抗结核作用进行评估。方法体外活性用2倍稀释法检测最低抑菌浓度（MIC），体内活性以半数动物存活时间为指标观察药物对实验性结核病的疗效。结果2药或3药复合中的各药物对结核分枝杆菌王H378，Rv、牛型结核杆菌（Ravenal）和草分枝结核杆菌（M．phlei）的MIC绝大多数都低于药物单独应用时的MIC；体内抗结核作用显示，2药复合和3药复合及其复合制剂对实验性结核病均表现出显著的治疗作用，并明显优于各配方中相应药物单独应用时的作用。结论2药复合和3药复合及其制剂在体内外均具有显著抗结核作用，且不同厂家的同一产品的抗结核作用未见显著差异。     

肺腺癌经支气管肺转移的CT表现

目的认识肺腺癌经支气管播散肺转移的CT表现和规律。方法回顾性分析15例经病理证实为腺癌或细支气管肺泡癌经支气管肺转移患者的CT表现，重点关注病变的发展特点。结果15例肺癌患者在CT上原发病灶均为实变型肺癌，在同侧或对侧肺内出现多发性、与支气管分布有明确相关的病灶，胸膜不受累。在初诊的CT上表现为小叶中心性结节5例、树芽征7例、腺泡结节2例、磨玻璃影10例和实变13例，其中5例仅有小叶中心结节（单一型），10例为多种形态病变共存（复合型），曾全部被误诊为结核或炎症，经抗结核或抗炎治疗无效。在平均4个月的CT随访中，单一型转移者进展缓慢，结节融合形成边界相对清晰的实变影；初诊为复合型的病变恶化较快。结论肺腺癌经支气管转移的CT表现有一定规律，但诊断仍须结合临床及实验室检查，以区别于结核和炎性反应。     

上皮性钙黏附蛋白和β-连环素在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其意义

背景与目的肿瘤的浸润和转移严重威胁着人类生命,正确认识和评估肿瘤的生物学行为有重要的临床意义.上皮性钙黏附蛋白(E-cad)和β-连环素(β-cat)的异常表达在肿瘤浸润转移过程中发挥着重要作用.本研究的目的是探讨它们在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其与非小细胞肺癌分型、分化、转移和预后的关系.方法采用免疫组织化学(SP)法,检测129例非小细胞肺癌组织中E-cad及β-cat的表达.结果E-cad及β- cat在非小细胞肺癌组织中的异常表达率分别为62.0%和65.1%.E-cad在鳞癌中的异常表达率显著高于腺癌(P＜0.05);E cad及β-cat在低分化非小细胞肺癌中的异常表达率显著高于中高分化肺癌(P均＜0.05);E-cad及β-cat在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌中的异常表达率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期(P均＜0.01);伴有淋巴结转移的非小细胞肺癌中E-cad及β cat异常表达率显著高于不伴有淋巴结转移者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).E-cad及β-cat正常表达的肺癌患者5年生存率显著高于异常表达的肺癌患者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论E-cad及β-cat的异常表达与非小细胞肺癌分化、分期、转移密切相关.检测它们的表达对预测患者预后有重要意义.     

Expression and significance of cyclooxygenase-2 n human lung cancer

Objective： We aimed to examine the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the relationship with the pathological types, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, the degree of differentiation, smoking and the survival. Methods： Immunohisto chemical staining method was used to examine the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 of 121 cases of lung cancer and three control groups. The data were statistically analyzed. Results： Compared with the health group, cyclooxygenase-2 was over expressed in the inflammatory tissue （P = 0.036）, lung adenocarcinoma （P = 0.005） and squamous carcinoma （P = 0.047）. Compared with patients without lymph node metastasis, cyclooxygenase-2 was over expressed （P = 0.033） in patients with lymph node metastasis. Compared with high differentiation group, cyclooxygenase-2 was over expressed （P = 0.004） in low differentiation group. Compared with non-smokers, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 increased in smokers （P = 0.000）. The median survival time of patients that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were negative was 9 months （95% CI, 5.6-12.4 months）. The median survival time of patients that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were positive was 5 months （95% CI, 3-7 months）. They was statistical difference （P = 0.001）. Conclusion： Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with pathological types, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, degrees of differentiation, smoking and prognosis in lung cancer.     

新等位基因人类白细胞抗原B*15:133的鉴定及其原核表达

背景:国际上至2010-04共报告人类白细胞抗原4 633个等位基因,中国自2000年至少发现200个新的等位基因,由于资金和时间有限,大部分新等位基因未作血清分型、家系研究以及进一步的功能性研究.目的:在健康志愿者人群中发现新等位基因,并对其进行家系研究,同时构建重链胞外区多肽的原核细胞表达载体,鉴定其在原核细胞中是否表达.方法:利用PCR-SSO和PCR-SBT技术,对人群的人类白细胞抗原进行筛选.使用血清学和SBT技术对拥有新等位基因的供者进行家系分析.用分子克隆的方法构建表达载体转染原核细胞,运用Western-blot鉴定是否表达.结果与结论:发现一个新等位基因与人类白细胞抗原B*15:18:01在第419位相差一个核苷酸,C->T, 即Codon116位 TCC->TTC,导致氨基酸由丝氨酸改变成苯丙氨酸.最终确定命名为人类白细胞抗原B*15:133.血清学表达B71(70)抗原.发现此供者的新等位基因来自于母亲.表达载体pET30a(+)- B*15:133在原核细胞中表达的多肽可被抗HIS标签单克隆抗体特异性识别.结果表明,使用分子生物学技术在大样本的筛查下发现了新等位基因人类白细胞抗原B*15:133,利用分子克隆的方法成功构建表达载体pET30a(+)- B*15:133,并在原核细胞中有大量高纯度蛋白表达.     

纳米药物递送系统在结核病治疗中的研究进展

目前,结核病防治形势仍十分严峻。然而,传统抗结核药物治疗方案存在疗程长、药物不良反应多以及患者依从性差等问题,常导致治疗失败,故亟需可以控制结核病的新药或新剂型。装载抗结核药物的纳米药物递送系统可以将抗结核药物主动或被动靶向到被感染的细胞或病灶部位内,杀菌的同时,还具有缓释给药、减少给药频率、减少剂量依赖性不良反应等优势。本文综述了纳米递药系统在结核病治疗方面的应用情况及前景。     

Factors associated with differential T cell responses to antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in pulmonary tuberculosis patients

The T-SPOT.TB assay detects cellular immune responses to 2 core Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, early secreted antigenic target of 6-kDa protein (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10). T-SPOT.TB has been recently used for auxiliary diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, testing can produce inconsistent results due to differential PTB patient immune responses to these antigens, prompting us to identify factors underlying inconsistent results.Data were retrospectively analyzed from 1225 confirmed PTB patients who underwent T-SPOT.TB testing at 5 specialized tuberculosis hospitals in China between December 2012 and November 2015. Numbers of spot-forming cells (SFCs) reflecting T cell responses to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens were recorded then analyzed via multivariable logistic regression to reveal factors underlying discordant T cell responses to these antigens.The agreement rate of 84.98% (82.85%–86.94%) between PTB patient ESAT-6 and CFP-10 responses demonstrated high concordance. Additionally, positivity rates were higher for ESAT-6 than for CFP-10 (84.8% vs 80.7%, P < .001), with ESAT-6 and CFP-10 microwell SFC numbers for each single positive group not differing significantly (P > .99), while spot numbers of the single positive group were lower than numbers for the double positive group (P < .001). Elderly patients (aged ≥66 years) and patients receiving retreatment were most likely to have discordance results.ESAT-6 promoted significantly more positive T-SPOT.TB results than did CFP-10 in PTB patients. Advanced age and retreatment status were correlated with discordant ESAT-6 and CFP-10 results. Assessment of factors underlying discordance may lead to improved PTB diagnosis using T-SPOT.TB.